How Much Money Can You Make as a Truck Driver

How Much Money Can You Make as a Truck Driver Truck drivers are currently in high demand. You’ll have to study for and pass your CDL exam. This means a training program. But once you do get licensed, you’ll find there are many lucrative opportunities available to Class A CDL drivers. Here are how much money you can make as a truck driver in different positions.Standard RateIf you don’t choose to specialize, you can expect to make an industry or company standard rate per mile.Specialized Training/OrientationWhen you’ve chosen to specialize in, say, Hazmat driving, you will undergo special training with the carrier that hired you. You’ll be paid a particular rate for the first few weeks of your training. These rates are more likely to be per hour, day, or even week.Solo OTRThe largest percentage of the workforce. Starting drivers will usually make $40-45k in their first year, but this rate depends a bit on the carrier and available bonuses.Team OTRPairs can traverse longer distances faster by swi tching on and off. This can be quite lucrative- with a pair splitting $100-150k per year.TrainerMore suited to the classroom than the open road? Done your drive time and ready to linger in one place? To experienced drivers, training positions can be a great career- making $60-80k per year, on average.Owner-OperatorIf you have sufficient experience working for a carrier, you might be ready to make the big transition into being your own boss and maybe even running your own fleet one day. There’s more stress, to be sure, but you will also earn more per mile by cutting out the middle man.BonusesEvery company is different, but potential extras include signing bonuses when you’re first hired, monthly mileage rewards, fuel-efficiency bonuses, safety pay when your driving record is exemplary, layover pay, bonuses for clean DOT inspections, and referrals of friends as new drivers to your company.  BenefitsWhile they may not be tangible as cold hard cash, benefits can be a luc rative addition to your compensation package. Anything from paid sick time and vacation to life insurance, medical insurance, dental insurance, job security, and 401k retirement plans.The road you take will be your own, but these are a few things to keep in mind (and in your pocket!) on your journey to becoming a CDL truck driver.

Compare two ethical principles (Dawn) Assignment

Compare two ethical principles (Dawn) - Assignment Example As per (University of Washington,1998) â€Å"In the course of caring for patients, there are some situations in which some type of harm seems inevitable, and we are usually morally bound to choose the lesser of the two evils, although the lesser of evils may be determined by the circumstances†. When we think about the other ethical principle, it can be detailed as beneficence where in nurses are obliged to do good for their patients and have the duty not to do any harm to them during the course of treatment .As per (Pentilat,2008) â€Å"Beneficence is action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others†. Interestingly enough, our duty to do good for our patients can also interfere with our duty to do no harm†. The application of these principles is to protect the patient and help them lead a comfortable life. As per (Runzheimer,2013) â€Å"All healthcare providers must strive to improve their patient’s health, to do the most good for the patient in every

Deng Xiaoping declared his reforms in 1970 socialism with Chinese Essay

Deng Xiaoping declared his reforms in 1970 socialism with Chinese characteristics what was the agenda for the ccp in the deng - Essay Example Also, during that period, agricultural and industrial productions in the country were very low. Meanwhile, the country only received little assistance from its ally, Russia (Clements, 2006). Deng Xiaoping inherited this situation. After Mao, Deng became the leader of China. Although both Mao and Deng have the same political party affiliation, the Communist Party of China (CPC), they have different techniques in governing the country. Under Deng’s leadership, there was a substantial change in China’s economic policies. Deng introduced the main aim of his administration. He described his reform as â€Å"socialism with Chinese Characteristics† (Liu, 2004). Apparently, under this principle, the members of the society are given more importance. He cited â€Å"material base and material production† as the ultimate foundation of socialism. Socialism with Chinese characteristics refers to the combination of basic ideas of scientific socialism and the facts of buil ding socialism in the Chinese community (Anon., 2007). Stated in another sense, socialism is the rule that governs the society as a whole. In scientific socialism, the ways of finding solution to economic and political problems are scientific. A particular social or economic problem is examined scientifically so as to come up with the most appropriate and practicable solution. This is in contrast with Mao’s Utopian socialism. ... In the words of Thayer Watkins (n.d.), in formulating the Four Modernizations, what Deng meant is simply the electrification of rural areas, automation of industries, introduction of a whole new economic outlook and the enhancement of national defense. Significantly, in the agricultural aspect, Deng established a new mechanism that would replace the commune system. This new system pertains to the contract responsibility system. Under this system, the peasants were to make an agreement with the Chinese government with regard to the production and trading of certain amount of commodities at low prices (Koo, 1990). In other words, the peasant must agree to till the land, produce crops and sell them to the government for a low price. However, as to the agreement, a certain quantity was required by the government. After the peasant could fulfill the agreement, they can then sell their products in the market as to any price (Koo, 1990). This mechanism had inspired the farmers to plant and produce more. As such, the agricultural production in China had increased abruptly. The increase went up to eight percent as compared to the previous year (Anon., n.d.). With regard to the second aspect, industry, Deng wanted the members of the Chinese society to spend more financial resource on consumer goods (Anon., n.d.). This began the consumerism attitude of the Chinese people. In such case, the Chinese government shifted its focus to light industry. To note, when Mao was the leader, he focused on heavy industry. In contrast, Deng was able to realize that consumerism is more advantageous than anything else. He could have observed that most people buy the things that they

Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Increased attention to CSR has been enhanced by the need for environmental protection, need for better corporate governance, globalization and intergovernmental bodies such as the United Nations which have made various declarations on human rights and environmental protection. Factors of corporate social responsibility can be categorized in to both environmental and social factors. Environmental stewardship includes the need of efficient utilization of natural resources like water, reduction in energy consumption and recycling of waste materials. This will also include the need to avoid environmental pollution like carbon emissions and toxic waste in the environment (Jamali, Safieddine & Rabbath 850). Social factors include the respect and promotion of human rights, labor rights and ensuring diversity in employment. Other factors include community involvement in development projects like building schools and health care facilities. Anti-bribery practices and supplier relations are also cornerstones of corporate social responsibility (Sabir, Ahmed, Zaidi & Kalyar 14). The company is committed to efficient utilization of all natural resources in all locations of operations. The company will be able to conserve limited natural resources which are also shared with the community. The company is committed to using clean manufacturing technologies that save natural resources and reduce carbon emissions and toxic waste in the environment. This will ensure clean environments and reduction of emission-related diseases. The company is committed to respecting all employees’ rights and offering equal employment opportunities. This will promote diversity, equal employment opportunities and fair dismissals in the workplace. Corporate sustainability is concerned with the long term social and economic expectations of the stakeholders. The basics of sustainability in CSR include continual improvement, compliance with regulatory

The Mission Statement of British Telecommunication

The Mission Statement of British Telecommunication BT Group plc is formerly known as British Telecom. It is also the privatized UK state telecommunications operator. It is the leading fixed line telecommunications and broadband Internet provider in the United Kingdom. BT operates in more than 170 countries and almost a third of its revenue now comes from its Global Services division. BT Group is the largest communications service provider in the United Kingdom. It is also one of the largest communication companies in the world (British Telecommunication, 2007). The Company is listed on the London Stock Exchange. At the present time, BT has become a multifaceted organisation offering general consumer goods and services through new sophisticated technologies but alongside this has created a commercial offering with consultancy and business solutions in order to ensure expansion and a long life secure for the company through differing markets. BT is very devoted in the acknowledgment of the primary source of its customer base within commercial outlets therefore the focus for the business falls within this function. However the domestic market retains a sizeable share of the total revenue generated thus the sector is carefully managed and invested in which enables the security of this sector. In this report we will examine the mission statements of BT, key objectives, internal and external environmental factors and information systems with the levels of management. The Mission Statement of British Telecommunication Mission statement is unique purpose that differentiates an organisation from the other companies of the same type. A mission statement needs to communicate the essence of its organisation to its stakeholders and to the public. There are two kinds of mission statements: General objectives In general it indicates how they do rather than where they would be. In other words journey rather than destination. They are always long term objectives. Usually, there are no closing stages on this kind of mission statement but it is always measured by its goals. For example: reduce output of waste or strengthen the loyalty of the constituents and so on. BT chief executive Ben Verwaayen states the general objective of BT as follows: Our central purpose is to provide world-class telecommunications and information products and services, and to develop and exploit our networks, at home and overseas, so that we can: Meet the requirements of our customers, Sustain growth in the earnings of the group on behalf of our shareholders, and Make a fitting contribution to the community in which we conduct our business. ( The Guardian, Wednesday 9 April 2008 ) Specific objectives They are irrefutable mission statements that contain principles and time periods in which all work should be achieved. Mission statements should be answered following Druckers four questions: (E H Edersheim, P F Drucker (2007) What is our business? Who is the customer? What is the value to the customer? What should our business be/ what will our business be? What business is the company in? BT is doing this by stating that it provides world-class telecommunications and informational products and services to its customers. This really shows the involvement that BT is not in the mobile telecommunication service by at home and overseas. But it also states that they offer landlines in abroad as well for instance in Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea etc. Thus, the consumers would be the people who are using the BT landlines By developing and exploiting their network and meeting the requirements of customers, they mentioned increasing the value of the network. By telecommunication at home indicates their business where they are now and provide world-class telecommunication service in overseas indicates where their business will be. Lately mission statements are not about their customers and products and services, but shareholders. In last sentence they also mentioned what they will be doing in the future with the collaborated companies . BTs strategy and key objectives BT strategy and key objectives can be stated today as followed: the speed to the market, customer experience and cost transformation. BT has a future-proof, flexible, intelligent network to enable the company to deliver communications services that will meet their customers requirements in the coming decades. They have a very clear vision of where they want to be and they are now taking specific steps towards that goal. Their transformation program has three key objectives: to enhance the customer experience to accelerate product to market times to reduce BTs cost base And they are seeking to achieve these all at the same time. Therefore new means were set up in order to increase and improve their performances such as 21CN 21CN is designed to deliver a world class customer experience from end-to-end. It will drive a radical simplification of BTs operations, increasing efficiency and the ability to launch new services to market faster than we can today. It will empower the customer with control, choice and flexibility like never before. BT claimed that 21CN will deliver both enormous cost-savings and the most advanced network in the world for new services. They point to consolidation of equipment, the simplification resulting from the removal of numerous legacy networks, and the flexibility and degree of automation enabled by 21CN. Its new network will make it more efficient, quicker to respond to market demand and more flexible. It claims it will be much easier to launch multimedia, converged services and that customers will have more control over their account management and greater flexibility in the way they interact with BT and its network. ( Financial Times June/15/2005 08:44 ) PEST ANALYSIS OF BT With the economic globalization and the widespread application of information technology, enterprises are faced with dynamic and complex external environment which is increasingly important for survival and development of enterprises. With regard to political factor, BT was the vanguard of the reform of the telecommunication industry in Europe and the United States, and the success of the reform was owned much to the British government telecommunication policy, especial for the right choice for control policies. Economic factor refers to the macroeconomic situation, world economic situation and economic status of industries. For example, the current economic crisis leaded to the incline of BTs economic benefits. Due to the economic pressure, BT was planning layoffs which showed that BT had dropped at the companys lowest situation since the privatization in 1984. The social factor refers to the general factors which have indirect and potential impact such as population, income or purc hasing power, national culture and national education level. Ecological factor essentially means that increasing depletion of natural resources and ecological environment forced the enterprises to adapt environmental protection policy. For example, BTs goal is to reduce its carbon emission by 80 percent in 2020, at the same time, BT has also introduced a new model to measure and trace carbon emission, Carbon Disclosure Project (BT, 2008). Technological factor refers to the industry-related science and technology and the trend of development. As a veteran operator in Europe, BT had won the attracting results through introducing the 21st century network based on NGN technology, and adapting the industry-leading technologies and strategies to carry out the entire business operation SWOT ANALYSIS OF BT SWOT analysis is the analysis of organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to identify a strategic niche that the organization can exploit G Lancaster (2002). Strength: BT is the worlds oldest communication company which was established in 1846 and still serves over 20 million business and residential customers with more than 29 million exchange lines. It has a good reputation of being part of the European leading telecommunication service provider. For instance, it extends its market in other countries, it is a global company and Over 60% of Fortune Global 500 companies and over 65% of FTSE 100 companies are part of the BT customer database. It makes BT has a strong brand image and until now BT is still the only UK telecom operator to have a universal service obligation (USO). Its strong base of long term customers makes BT financially successful due to its innovative and flexible organization and its competitive price. Weakness: The weakness of BT is inflexible. BT is a big company, so it should work by step and step, it cannot change quickly when meat the problem. But however today, BTs reputation is going down because its internet service usually crashed for long hours and therefore takes a great deal of time to reconnect. BT Home Hub WI-FI security easy to crack (Router manufacturers use algorithm to generate WEP (wired equivalent privacy) and WPA (WI-FI protected access) default keys. BT Home Hub ships with default encryption keys to encrypt wireless network traffic using either WEP or WPA. But the algorithm is predictable and only creates a limited number of easily-hacked keys). It is also obvious that BTs own success makes it difficult to recruit and train staff quickly enough. Opportunity Experts predict great potential for future growth in next 10 years. And the current recession is favorable as people more specifically the customers and businesses are more cost-conscious. It is also important to note that lots of threat to new entries to the market which gives opportunity to grow even bigger nationally and internationally. BTs well known in Europe can bring new co-operating companies all over the world. Internet user growing quickly, it means BT have opportunity to get more market share. In 1994 only $1billion market for BT and MCI but now it grows unbelievable. Global telecommunication market is grow 20% in 2008 compared to 12% in 2003 which will have a good chance for BT to create a new record. With the technology of internet, BT also can develop new product, for example: it can increase the speed of cell phone to use internet Threat BT was established in 1846, at that time it was the only telecommunication company in Britain until 1982 Mercury communications entries this market. It means BT should competitive with Mercury communications and BT market share decreased. It leads to BT cannot make price easily; it should compare with other company price and then make a competitive price. BT also should improve their products, make it have more competitive, because BT should keep their old customers and create some new customers or take customers from Mercury communications, but it should cost more. In addition, BT starts to lose the customers trust and the introduction of mobile phones decreases the usage of landlines. The treats get worse as big brands enter the market with new technology and low prices. The internet coverage of areas that do not need landlines and new companies such as Virgin affect badly BTs expansion. Critical success factors Since the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, new era of communication has started. In United Kingdom General Post Offices Postal Telegraph department which became BT group was providing telephone services. BT group is the largest communication service provider in United Kingdom. Throughout history BT had numerous advantages which influenced its success. BT had a monopoly in the industry till the duopoly sharer Mercury came out. These two telecommunication operators had an exclusive right to provide telecom services. This duopoly ended in 1990s, and market was open to be shared. But BT had already reached an attitude which is much stronger and unbeatable by competitors. Many of BTs customers are based in the UK. BT Global Services deliver solutions inmore than 170different countries, connecting installations, communities and value chains that are essential to organizations. Currently BT is responsible for approximately 28 million telephone lines. Furthermore the company is the only UK telecommunications operator obliged to deliver fixed telephone line to any UK address. In addition BT operates most public telephone boxes all-over the UK. With high technology BT delivers significantly good service of telephone, internet and cable TV. Current BTs most dominant product on the market is BT Home Hub which includes telephone internet broadband and cable TV. Furthermore BT has launched many more successful products throughout decades. INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR BT Operational Control The operation control is the stage that shows and determines how the performing of specific tasks that are set by strategic and middle management decision makers. Usually, most of the tasks in operational level are structured. Knowledge level This stage evaluates new ideas for products and services, the ways to communicate new knowledge in other words the interaction, and finally the ways to distribute information. Management Control-tactical level The management control tactical level monitors effective or efficient ways of resources and performance of operational units. Most of the tasks in that level are semi-structured. Strategic Decision Making It determines long-term objectives, resources and policies. In general, a good number of the tasks in strategic level are unstructured. Major types of System The major types of system we can notice today are the Executive Support System (ESS), the Decision Support System (DSS), the Management Information System (MIS), the Knowledge Work System (KWS), and the Transaction Processing System (TPS). Executive Support systems Chief Managers use executive support systems (ESS) to make strategic planning about sales forecasting, budget, profit and personal planning. ESS serves the strategic level of the organizations. They address non-routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at solutions. ESS create a generalised computing and communication environment rather than providing any fixed application or specific capability. Furthermore, they are designed to incorporate data about external events such as new tax laws or competitors. They employ the most advanced graphics software and can deliver graphs and data from many sources immediately to a senior executive office or to a boardroom. Unlike the other types of informational systems, ESS is not designed primarily to solve specific problems. Instead, ESS provides a generalized computing and communications capacity that can be applied to a changing array of problems. J F. Rockart (1988). At this stage such matters like the business aims and competitors influences are indeed revised carefully. Therefore, senior managers are trying to maintain a good relationship with partners and existing customers. However to gain high reputation, they must be concerned about the role of customer social responsibility and have to create a flexible strategy planning that suits to the charges of economical factors. Decision support systems The decision support systems (DSS) help managers in making decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance. They provide both problem-solving information and a communication capability for solving semi-structured problems. DSS have more analytical power than the other systems. They are built explicitly with variety of models to analyze data, or they condense large amounts of data into a form where they can be analyzed by decision makers. DSS are also designed so that users can with them directly; these systems explicitly include user-friendly software. F Buytendijk (2008). Relating to British telecom, the DSS study generally the options of maximisation profit and determine whether prices are suitable in the marketplace. Managerial Information Systems. Management information systems (MIS) are used mostly in management level system, management need information in different sectors like sale management control, annual budgeting, about investment analysis. On average, they are oriented almost exclusively to internal, not environmental or external, events. MIS mainly serve the functions of planning, controlling, and decision making at the management level. MIS review and report on the companys basic operations. The basic transaction data from TPS are compressed and are usually presented in long reports that are produced on a regular schedule. MIS usually serve managers interested in weekly, monthly, and yearly results-not day-to-day activities. MIS generally provide answers to routine questions that have been specified an advance and have a predefined procedure for answering them. Most MIS use simple routines such as summaries and comparisons, as opposed to sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques. Ross Malaga, (2003). Knowledge Work and Office Systems Knowledge Work System ( KWS) is very important because BT has different workstations like engineering workstations ,graphics workstations and managerial workstations ,on the other hand Office systems do in BT different work like word processor , document imaging , design for the company , electronic calendars. This system can involve a combination of work practices, information, structures, people, and technologies organized to accomplish objectives in an organisation. BT use information system in different level of management, there are a relationship between systems. Mostly, BT uses three information systems: management system, information system, and computer system. Transaction Processing Systems Transaction processing systems are the basic business systems that monitor the operational level of companies. A transaction processing system is a computerized system that performs and records daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the business. For example its like special force in the army, any operation need to be check and secure for example: machine control, securities trading, material movement, and cash control management. They also study the decision to grant credit to a customer for instance, this is made by lower level supervisor according to predefined criteria. All that must be determined is whether the customer meets the criteria. The master file is composed of discrete pieces of information (such as name, address or employee number) called data elements. Data are keyed into the system, updating the data and elements. The elements on master file are combined in different ways to make a report of interest to management and government agencies and to send paychecks to employees. These TPS can generate other report combinations of existing data elements. J Gray, A Reuter (1993) REFERENCES Modern Public Information Technology Systems: Issues and Challenges by G. David Garson, 2007 BT, (2008), BT press Release, retrieved on 17th April, 2009, from: http://pr.euractiv.com/node/3269 Information Systems Technology by Ross Malaga, 2003 Executive Support Systems: The Emergence of Top Management Computer Use by John F. Rockart 1988 Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth Page 163 by Lester R. Brown, Earth Policy Institute 2003 352 pages Annual Review of Communications: Volume 59 Page 243 by International Engineering Consortium 2007 750 pages Performance Leadership: The Next Practices to Motivate Your People, Align Page 207 by Frank Buytendijk 2008 300 pages Management of Organizational Change: Leveraging Transformation Page 63 by K. Harigopal 2006 367 pages The Guardian, Wednesday 9 April 2008 The Definitive Drucker: The Final Word from the Father of Modern Management Page 48 by Elizabeth Haas Edersheim, Peter Ferdinand Drucker 2007 289 pages Financial Times June/15/2005 08:44 Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques Page 3 by Jim Gray, Andreas Reuter 1993 1070 pages BIBLIOGRAPHY Strategic Planning for Information Systems by John. L. Ward and Joe Peppard, 2002 Ethics and Information Technology by James Anderson and Kenneth Goodman Introduction to Business Information Systems by Peter Mertens, Rolf. T. Wigand, 2003 Business Dynamics in Information Technology by Peter Gottschalk, 2007 www.bt.co.uk

Acting Technique Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Would that the stage were a tight rope where no incompetent would dare to tread.† -GOETHE Goethe is speaking from an author’s point of view. It is the actor’s tremendous and frustrating challenge to act in plays written by Goethe and other great playwrights. Actors have to communicate complex and subtle ideas, like those that appear in Strindberg, Ibsen, Shaw and Arthur Miller. The modern actor must have virtues that the playwright, perhaps, does not have, and one is the instinct that awakens the actor to act. That instinct is stronger than we know or can analyze. An actor’s total being – mind, spirit, soul, and that essence which is talent – must be devoted to his craft. In this life, most people are forced to use only one side of themselves. All those other selves create a unique unquiet in the actor’s soul, and what provokes the actor‘s talent to be heard. Before an actor can let his voice be heard, he must visualize his needs and fears. He must make a distinction between growth and success. To humanize a young actor, have them list their assets and faults. The actor has only his own body as an instrument. Thus, he must continuously work on four tools: the body, the speech, the mind, and the emotions. An actor has the right to survive, to grow as an artist. This entails a special strength, a new discipline, and self-awareness. Only then can he realize his goals and the work ahead of him as a professional actor. The profession of acting gives the actor the opportunity to make of himself the most that he can be. The ultimate aim of this technique is to create an actor who can be responsible for his artistic development and achievement. The first tier is the energy of the voice. Resonating to reach the audi... ...ications that are more creative. This is why professional productions are more captivating and real than proletarian shows. Justifications that are more complex can be found and based on the circumstances. Justification can be taken one-step further when it is applied to characters and their beliefs. This will aid in character development and is beneficial on stage. Like a juggler of sentiment, an actor must be flexible on stage. He must be quick in reacting, but deliberate in emoting. He must have extraordinary imagination, and resolute justification. The actor’s profession is not an easy one, but is an art that crosses the aesthetic barrier and reaches an audience. He knows there is a difference between the truth of life and the truth of the theatre. The actor must communicate on the highest level. The actor must be a master of both words and ideas.

Foreign Scientists and Their Contribution in Chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier was born in the year 1743 to a wealthy family and inherited a huge fortune at the age of five after the demise of his mother. A noble man by profession has contributed a lot in both chemical and biological science. Antoine Lavoisier is the first person to term Oxygen and Hydrogen and also was the first one to establish that sulphur is not a compound but an element. He was the first person to determine that air is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. His other contribution includes researches in the field of quantitative chemistry. Amedeo Carlo Avogadro† Amedeo Carlo Avogardro was born in Italy in 1776 and his main contribution was in the field of relative molecular mass. He established the relationship between the masses of different gasses at the same volume and their corresponding molecular weights. His more noted contribution was the Avogadro law where he established the molar particle number to be exactly equal to 6. 022 x 1023. â€Å"Niels Henrik Bohr† Niels Henrik Bohr was born in the year 1885 in Copenhagen to a professor of physiology Christian Bohr. Niels Bohr grew up in an atmosphere conducive for academic brilliance. He contributed in the understanding of the atomic structure and the quantum mechanics related to it. â€Å"Robert Millikan† Robert Millikan the American Physicist was born in 1868 has contributed in the field of photoelectric effect and is more famous for his work on the mass of electron and its charge by the charge oil droplet in an electric field method. This contribution played a vital role in the foundation of chemical studies in later years. â€Å"Ernest Rutherford† Read this Practice Test Chem 105 Ernest Rutherford, the New Zealand born (1871) British scientist contributed a lot in chemical studies by discovering the three radioactive particles alpha (positive), beta (negative) and gamma (neutral) rays by passing a radioactive ray through a magnetic field and then categorizing these according to the deflection by positive plate, negative plate and the ones which went through without deflections. â€Å"J J Thomson† J J Thomson the British scientist born in 1856 is attributed for the discovery of electron and its properties. This atomic particle was discovered when he placed the cathode tube in a magnetic field and found that these particles are negatively charged and that each of these had a mass ratio of 1. 759 E8 coulombs per gram. â€Å"Willam Crookes† William Crookes the British chemist born in 1832 used the vacuum tube made by Heinrich Geisslar to discover cathode rays and hypothesized that there are rays which emanated from the cathode and caused the zinc sulphide to fluoresce which he had used as a coating on one end of the tube. Wilhelm Roentgen the German scientist born in 1895 was the pioneer in producing and detecting the electromagnetic radiation within a range of wavelength better known as X rays. These rays were discovered while he was researching the glow produced by cathode ray tube. â€Å"Marie Curie† Marie Curie the French Polish Chemist – physicists was born in 1867 is the pioneer in radioactivity research. She discovered the radioactive particles Uranium and Thorium and later another couple of elements Polonium and Radium and all within the same Pitchblend. â€Å"Enrico Fermi â€Å" Enrico Fermi the Italian born American scientist in the year 1901 is remembered for his contribution to nuclear fission. This was accomplished when he bombarded the Uranium with neutrons. â€Å"James Chadwick† James Chadwick the British scientist born in 1891is attributed for the discovery of neutron.